Which zones make up the main areas of the epidermis?

The correct answer, which refers to the horny zone and germinal zone, accurately identifies the main areas of the epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, comprising several distinct zones which play critical roles in skin health and function.

The horny zone, also known as the stratum corneum, is the outermost layer of the epidermis. It consists of dead, flattened skin cells that provide a protective barrier against environmental factors such as pathogens, chemicals, and dehydration. This layer is continuously shed and renewed, reflecting the dynamic nature of the skin.

The germinal zone, which corresponds to the basal layer or stratum basale, is where new skin cells are generated. This zone contains living cells that undergo mitosis, gradually moving up towards the surface of the skin as they mature and eventually become part of the horny zone. The germinal zone is essential for skin repair and regeneration.

In contrast, other options mentioned do not accurately reflect the primary divisions of the epidermis. For example, while the stratum corneum is indeed a significant layer, the stratum basale is not described as a germinal zone. The terms papillary and reticular zones are related to the dermis, which is the