Which of the following is a condition characterized by excessive growth?

Hypertrophy is a condition specifically characterized by excessive growth or increase in the size of an organ or tissue. This growth occurs due to the enlargement of the cells rather than an increase in the number of cells, which distinguishes it from hyperplasia, where the number of cells increases. Hypertrophy can be a normal adaptive response to a stimulus, such as in skeletal muscle resulting from strength training, or it can occur in response to pathological conditions.

In this context, although terms like keratoma (a thickening of the outer layer of skin), leucoderma (a skin condition involving loss of pigmentation), and petechiae (small red or purple spots on the body caused by bleeding) relate to skin health or conditions, they do not specifically describe excessive growth in the way hypertrophy does. Hence, hypertrophy is the term that most accurately aligns with the definition of excessive growth.