Which hormones are produced by the pituitary gland?

The correct answer identifies that the pituitary gland produces a range of hormones crucial for various physiological functions. TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) regulates the production of hormones by the thyroid gland, GH (Growth Hormone) is essential for growth, cell repair, and metabolism, and FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) is involved in reproductive processes, particularly the development of eggs in ovaries and sperm in testes.

Recognizing that TSH, GH, and FSH all originate from the pituitary gland underlines the gland's pivotal role in hormone regulation throughout the body. The anterior pituitary, specifically, is where these hormones are synthesized and released into the bloodstream to exert their effects on target organs.

The other choices do not present a complete list of hormones produced by the pituitary gland. While TSH and GH are included in some options, they lack FSH, which is also a crucial output of the pituitary. The choice listing cortisol and estrogen is incorrect as these hormones are produced by the adrenal glands and ovaries, respectively, and not by the pituitary gland. Understanding the specific roles and origins of these hormones emphasizes the importance of the pituitary in the endocrine system.