Which disorder is characterized by a deficiency of adrenal cortex hormones, resulting in symptoms such as muscle weakness and weight loss?

The disorder characterized by a deficiency of adrenal cortex hormones, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness and weight loss, is Addison's disease. This condition occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of certain hormones, specifically cortisol and aldosterone. The lack of cortisol can result in severe fatigue, muscle weakness, and unintentional weight loss, as the body struggles to manage stress and maintain metabolism. Additionally, the deficiency in aldosterone can disrupt electrolyte balance, contributing to symptoms like low blood pressure and dehydration.

In contrast, Cushing's syndrome is caused by excessive levels of cortisol, leading to symptoms that include weight gain and increased fat accumulation, particularly around the abdomen and face. Acromegaly is associated with excess growth hormone, leading to abnormal growth of bones and tissues, rather than deficiencies in adrenal hormones. Diabetes mellitus, although it involves hormone-related issues, primarily affects insulin production and blood sugar regulation, not directly relating to adrenal cortex hormones. Thus, the identification of Addison's disease in this context highlights its distinct hormonal deficiency and associated symptoms.