What substance is produced by sebaceous glands to lubricate and protect the skin?

Sebum is the substance produced by sebaceous glands and plays a crucial role in lubricating and protecting the skin. It is a complex mixture of lipids, including triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and free fatty acids. This oily substance helps to form a protective barrier on the skin's surface, preventing moisture loss and providing a certain degree of antimicrobial protection.

Sebum also contributes to maintaining the skin's natural pH balance, which is essential for the overall health of the skin. A healthy level of sebum helps to keep the skin hydrated, reduces the risk of dryness, and can also help to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Understanding the function of sebum is important, especially in the context of skin health and beauty. When sebaceous glands produce either too much or too little sebum, it can lead to various skin conditions, such as acne or excessive dryness, highlighting the importance of this substance in maintaining skin integrity and function.