What is the most common cause of hirsutism and menstrual irregularity in women less than 50 years of age?

Polycystic ovaries, or PCOS, is widely recognized as the most common cause of hirsutism and menstrual irregularity in women under 50. This condition is characterized by hormonal imbalances that often lead to elevated levels of androgens, male hormones that can cause excessive hair growth in a male pattern, known as hirsutism. Additionally, PCOS can disrupt the regularity of menstrual cycles, leading to irregular or absent periods.

The condition itself often involves the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries, which can also contribute to fertility issues and metabolic concerns. Women with PCOS frequently experience other symptoms such as weight gain, acne, and insulin resistance, which further complicate their hormonal balance.

The prevalence and clinical manifestations of PCOS make it a central focus when evaluating related symptoms, particularly in a demographic of women less than 50 years old. It is critical to recognize PCOS as a key factor in these issues, as it represents a distinct clinical picture compared to other conditions that may also affect hormone levels.