What is eczema?

Eczema is primarily characterized as a superficial inflammatory process of the epidermis, making the first choice the correct answer. This skin condition can manifest as red, itchy, and inflamed patches that may vary in degree of severity. Eczema is often associated with a combination of genetic and environmental factors that aggravate the skin's barrier function, leading to increased sensitivity and inflammation.

The inflammatory nature of eczema distinguishes it from infections, which involve the invasion of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. While infections can occur secondary to eczema due to compromised skin barrier, eczema itself is not classified as an infection. Furthermore, it is not caused by a virus or fungus, which rules out those options. Understanding eczema as an inflammatory condition allows for better recognition, diagnosis, and treatment strategies aimed at managing symptoms and improving skin health.