What does the negative pole produce during galvanic electrolysis?

In galvanic electrolysis, the negative pole, also known as the cathode, is the site of reduction reactions. During this process, positively charged ions in the electrolyte move toward the cathode, where they gain electrons. This electron gain typically results in the production of specific substances depending on the electrolyte used.

When discussing the products formed at the cathode during galvanic electrolysis, if water or an aqueous solution of an alkali is present, the ideal scenario is the reduction of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) or the reduction of water. This reaction leads to the formation of hydrogen gas at the cathode along with hydroxide ions. However, under certain conditions — particularly when an alkali metal salt (like sodium hydroxide) is present in the solution — the alkaline environment leads to an increased concentration of sodium hydroxide due to the ongoing reactions.

Thus, while hydrogen (H2 gas) might also be produced at the negative pole, the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide means that sodium hydroxide will be formed as a prominent product during the electrolysis process. This will dominate the reaction environment even though H2 gas may be produced simultaneously. Therefore, recognizing the general behavior of the negative pole in producing sodium hydroxide