What disease is characterized by an irregular menstrual cycle?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the disease characterized by an irregular menstrual cycle. This condition affects a woman's hormone levels, leading to irregular or missed periods. The hormonal imbalances can disrupt the normal ovulation process, resulting in cycles that may be longer than usual or unpredictable.

Women with PCOS may also experience other symptoms such as excess hair growth, acne, weight gain, and difficulty getting pregnant due to the disrupted ovulation. The presence of small cysts on the ovaries is a common feature of the condition but not a definitive diagnostic criterion. Understanding PCOS is essential, particularly in addressing the reproductive health of those affected.

In contrast, conditions like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) primarily impact the digestive system and are not directly related to menstrual cycles. Endometriosis is characterized by tissue growth similar to the endometrium outside the uterus, which can cause pain and heavy periods but is not inherently defined by cycle irregularity. Cervical cancer is a serious condition with its own set of symptoms but isn't typically associated with menstrual irregularities early on. Thus, understanding the distinctive features of PCOS helps clarify why it is the correct answer regarding menstrual irregularities.