What condition is categorized by elevated blood glucose levels?

The condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels is indeed hyperglycemia. When blood glucose levels rise above normal, it can lead to various health issues, particularly if it is persistent. Hyperglycemia is often associated with diabetes, specifically when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it does produce.

In contrast to hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, which leads to a different set of symptoms and health implications. Diabetes insipidus is not related to blood glucose levels but rather deals with the body's regulation of water balance, often resulting in frequent urination and excessive thirst. Insulin resistance involves the body's cells becoming less responsive to insulin, which can lead to higher blood glucose levels but is not a direct description of elevated glucose itself. Thus, hyperglycemia is the term that specifically denotes elevated blood glucose, making it the correct understanding of the question.